[109] Russian forces occupied Georgian cities beyond the disputed territories. Since the fall of the USSR in 1991, Georgia embarked on a major structural reform designed to transition to a free market economy. The self-designation used by ethnic Georgians is Kartvelebi (, i.e. South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region, as it views "South Ossetia" as implying political bonds with Russian North Ossetia. By the 1980s, an independence movement emerged and grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. On 13 April 2006, the discussion of the assessment report on implementation of the Individual Partnership Action Plan was held at NATO Headquarters, within 26+1 format. [192], The new Patruli force was first introduced in the summer of 2005 to replace the traffic police, a force which was accused of widespread corruption. [56], The rulers of regions that remained partly autonomous organized rebellions on various occasions. The following four universities are also located in Tbilisi: Georgian Technical University,[323] which is Georgia's main and largest technical university, The University of Georgia (Tbilisi),[324] as well as Caucasus University[325] and Free University of Tbilisi. [193] The police introduced a 0-2-2 (currently, 1-1-2) emergency dispatch service in 2004. [340] The Georgian folk song "Chakrulo" was one of 27 musical compositions included on the Voyager Golden Records that were sent into space on Voyager 2 on 20 August 1977. [328] Georgian culture was influenced by Classical Greece, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the various Iranian empires (notably the Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanian, Safavid, and Qajar empires),[329][330][331][332] and later, from the 19th century, by the Russian Empire. [286] On the basis of that back-projection, Geostat has corrected its data for these years. In 2005, the agreement on the appointment of Partnership for Peace (PfP) liaison officer between Georgia and NATO came into force, whereby a liaison officer for the South Caucasus was assigned to Georgia. [283], Today 83.4 per cent of the population practices Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with the majority of these adhering to the national Georgian Orthodox Church. [281][d] Georgia was also once home to significant ethnic German communities, numbering 11,394 according to the 1926 census. [229] The Rioni River may contain a breeding population of the critically endangered bastard sturgeon. Despite these increasingly difficult relations, in May 2005 Georgia and Russia reached a bilateral agreement[90] by which Russian military bases (dating back to the Soviet era) in Batumi and Akhalkalaki were withdrawn. [50], The 29-year reign of Tamar, the first female ruler of Georgia, is considered the most successful in Georgian history. [186] As of 2015[update], 31 Georgian servicemen have died in Afghanistan,[187] most during the Helmand campaign. Georgia is bordered by Tennessee in the north, South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Florida in the south, and Alabama in the west. "[170] He was quoted as saying that if NATO accepts Georgian membership with the article on collective defence covering only Tbilisi-administered territory (i.e., excluding the Georgian territories Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are currently Russian-supported unrecognized breakaway republics), "we will not start a war, but such conduct will undermine our relations with NATO and with countries who are eager to enter the alliance. Georgia, Georgian Sakartvelo, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. [226], The west-central slopes of the Meskheti Range in Ajaria as well as several locations in Samegrelo and Abkhazia are covered by temperate rain forests. [182] Georgia also participated in the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan; with 1,560 troops in 2013, it was at that time the largest contributor among non-NATO countries[183] and in per capita terms. Between 6001,000 metres (1,9693,281ft) above sea level, the deciduous forest becomes mixed with both broad-leaf and coniferous species making up the plant life. Or, in front of a mural in Atlanta, or a bowl of shrimp and grits in Savannah. As a result of incessant OttomanPersian Wars and deportations, the population of Georgia dwindled to 784,700 inhabitants at the end of the 18th century. An Arab incursion into western Georgia led by Marwan II, was repelled by Leon I (r. 720740) jointly with his Lazic and Iberian allies in 736. [61] Despite a punitive campaign subsequently launched against Qajar Iran in 1796, this period culminated in the 1801 Russian violation of the Treaty of Georgievsk and annexation of eastern Georgia, followed by the abolition of the royal Bagrationi dynasty, as well as the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. [265] According to the government, there are 103 resorts in different climatic zones in Georgia. In August 2004, the Individual Partnership Action Plan of Georgia was submitted officially to NATO. "[212] With this ruling, Georgia became one of the first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, although using the drug in the presence of children is still illegal and punishable by fines or imprisonment. [217] It was called South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast when Georgia was part of Soviet Union. The only remaining large, low-land forests remain in the Alazani Valley of Kakheti. The Georgia Board of Pharmacy will hold a public hearing on proposed amendments to the rules attached below at its meeting on Wednesday, November 16, 2022 at 9:00 AM at the Department of Community Health at 2 Peachtree Street NW, 6th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303. Out of the deciduous species of trees, beech, oak, and hornbeam dominate. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. Georgia is also subdivided into 76 municipalities 12 self-governing cities (including the city of Tbilisi) and 64 communities. [293] There were 184 thousand immigrants in Georgia in 2014 with most of them hailing from Russia (51.6%), Greece (8.3%), Ukraine (8.11%), Germany (4.3%), and Armenia (3.8%). [349] Wrestling remains a historically important sport of Georgia, and some historians think that the Greco-Roman style of wrestling incorporates many Georgian elements. With the support of the UNFPA, the demographic data for the period 19942014 has been retro-projected. After Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union and implemented a policy of de-Stalinization. [227], Eastern Georgia has a transitional climate from humid subtropical to continental. "Dictionary of the Fungi". Legislative authority is vested in the Parliament of Georgia. These in turn are subdivided into 67 districts and 5 self-governing cities. [341], Georgian cuisine and wine have evolved through the centuries, adapting traditions in each era. Romans erected the statue of the Iberian King Pharsman after he demonstrated Georgian training methods during his visit to Rome; Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union, democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration, Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia, first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Tensions between Georgia and Russia began escalating, ethnic cleansing against Georgians in South Ossetia, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Role of Georgia in the War in Afghanistan (20012021), Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Administrative divisions of Georgia (country), Georgian territory under Russian occupation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2014 General Population Census Main Results, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, secular and irreligious segments of society, one of the oldest wine-producing countries, Index of Georgia (country)-related articles, " ", "2014 General Population Census Main Results General Information National Statistics Office of Georgia", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Georgia", "2014 General Population Census Main Results", "Consolidating Parliamentary Democracy in Georgia", "U.S. and Allies Blame Russia for Cyberattack on Republic of Georgia", "Now that's what you call a real vintage: professor unearths 8,000-year-old wine", "Evidence of ancient wine found in Georgia a vintage quaffed some 6,000 years BC", The Gold Mine of Sakdrisi and Earliest Mining and Metallurgy in the Transcausus and the Kura-Valley System, "UNESCO Ancient Georgian traditional Qvevri wine-making method", "Georgia iii. [44][45] The most prosperous period of the Abkhazian kingdom was between 850 and 950. [138], In October 2016, the ruling party Georgian Dream won the parliamentary elections with 48.61 percent of the vote while the opposition United National Movement (UNM) gained 27.04 percent of the vote. Ranking fourth among the U.S. states east of the Mississippi River in terms of total area (though first in terms of land area) and by many years the youngest of the 13 former English colonies, Georgia was founded in 1732, at which time its boundaries were even largerincluding much of the present-day states of Alabama and Mississippi. Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Contents 1 Places 1.1 Historical states and entities 1.2 Other places 1.2.1 Canada 1.2.2 United Kingdom 1.2.3 United States 2 People 3 Media and entertainment 3.1 Film and television 3.2 Albums ATLANTA (AP) Georgia Gov. Zurabishvili was backed by the ruling Georgian Dream party. Economic reforms since independence have led to higher levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators, poverty, and unemployment. CABI, 2008. ", "Ruling party in Georgia decisively wins parliament vote", "Georgian government offers concessions to end crisis", "Transparency International urges dialogue with civil society during political crisis in Georgia", "Georgian Dream, Opposition Reach Consensus over Electoral Reform", "Georgia elects Salome Zurabishvili as first woman president", "Georgia protests: Tbilisi police fire water cannon at demonstrators", "New EU Proposal: Amnesty for Rurua, Melia, 2022 Snap Polls if GD Gets Less than 43% in Locals", "President Michel to Start Consultations after GD's EU-Brokered Deal Withdrawal", "Mikheil Saakashvili: Georgian ex-president arrested returning from exile", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Republic of France", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Federal Republic of Germany", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and Japan", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Visa Information for Foreign Citizens", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Turkey", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and Ukraine", "Relations Between Georgia and the United States of America", "U.S. boiling springs bubblers football score, ] [ d ] Georgia was submitted officially to NATO was part of Soviet Union in 1991..., Eastern Georgia has a transitional climate from humid subtropical to continental Ossetian georgia department of agriculture animal protection... 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