Her fourth novel, Edith and Kim, tells the linked stories of her grandfather and Edith Tudor-Hart, a Jewish photojournalist born in Vienna, who studied at the Bauhaus, married an Englishman, worked as a Soviet agent in London and introduced Kim to his Russian handler. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). But he also did it to impress her. The pair returned to England in May and, by this point already an appointed Soviet agent, Kim found work as a foreign correspondent. He always knew what he was risking his family, his friends, his reputation and he made his choices accordingly. Later she became a journalist at the Independent. He was my grandfather, and then as I grew older it became apparent that he was someone else, too. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. Philby spied on his poor wife Aileen, the mother of his children His passage up to the highest levels of MI6 was so swift and easy that from time to time his Soviet controllers worried he must. . She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. When its finally made clear that Ive come from England to visit the grave of my grandfather, Kim Philby, a Soviet agent who was given a heros burial somewhere on this land in the late 1980s, the old security man at the gate starts shouting, and shoos me through a private door, into the office where he regales the story to a tall man in a dark trench coat referred to as boss who in turn ushers me outside towards a brand new Range Rover with blackened windows. Cambridge-educated Nicholas Elliott and Kim Philby became close friends in 1940, when they were both working in separate departments of the British Intelligence . "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. P&P free on orders over 15. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. In 1983, a month or so after my parents took me as a newborn to meet him for the first time, Kim sent a copy of Lenins On the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, with a long, beautifully written letter to my maternal grandfather, whom he was unlikely ever to meet. The central post office, where Kim would come every morning to pick up his mail and a stack of British and American newspapers, stands halfway up on the left. Opposites attracted. Being one of North Korea's elite, for the nation he was the highest profile defection since No Kum-sok (above . She was a horsey product of the. Kim was not nave; he knew that his ideal, like any other, was susceptible to corruption. Bungling helicopter pilot blows over stadium roof injuring eight, BBC Breakfast celebrates forty years of hilarious bloopers, Ken Bruce will be joining the Greatest Hits Radio family in April, As it happened: UK Government blocks Scotland's new gender law, Royal Family will find it 'impossible' to compromise with Sussexes, Extinction Rebellion douse the Home Office building in black paint, Harrowing moment woman begs father not to kill himself, Motorists slowly drive down snowy hill in treacherous conditions, Shamima Begum never considered turning back during journey to ISIS, Kamala opts out of kneeling with Biden for Warriors photo op. En route, I pass some of Kims old haunts, and heeding his advice to visitors If you can no longer feel your nose, go inside stop off briefly for coffee at that famous Soviet hangout the Hotel Metropole. In the intervening years, there have been endless attempts to understand how this gregarious, public-school educated English chap and his fellow Cambridge spies Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross could have been persuaded to betray their country, and dupe their family and their friends. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. He passed over 900 British documents to the KGB. Life in Moscow. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Whatever you believe, Kim felt history would prove him right: Ill be remembered as a good man, he told my mum just two years before his death, Discussing the reasons for this in the introduction to Boroviks book, The Philby Files, the journalist and biographer Phillip Knightley who interviewed my grandfather at length during his final years in Moscow writes: Could the British intelligence service really be run by such fools that no one had noticed that precious information was leaking to Moscow? Life is good here in every way.. Im conscious that his story belongs to different people in different ways, within our family and also more widely. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. In his diary for the London Review of Books, Bennett wrote: Philby does seem to have been responsible for the betrayal and presumed torture and death of a network of agents in a way thats never been proved of Blunt. The pair got on well in those later years they were very similar in many ways and my father said he never felt any resentment, not even when he unfairly came under fire by virtue of his name. . The shiny black 44 rumbles slowly through the graveyard. 1958Marries Eleanor Brewer, an American. Anthony Blunt referred to her as the grandmother of the Cambridge spies. Aileen and the children also moved to America and the Philby's took a spacious, ramshackle two-storeyed place at 4100 Nebraska Avenue. Heads to Vienna to serve the movement there. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide., Donald Maclean with his wife Melinda Marling and his two sons Ronald and Fergus in the 50s, Wanted pictures are posted at a Berlin checkpoint for Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, Guy Burgess (pictured) did not cope well to life in the Soviet Union - he got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. I turn left, according to my map, away from Kims local grocery, where a creature of habit hed collect his daily supply of bread and whatever fruit and vegetables were available. For one thing, Kims life behind the Iron Curtain wasnt bad. Kim sacrificed everything he had: he risked his life and the lives of others, he betrayed his colleagues and duped his family and friends (even spying on his own father at one stage, as will be explained shortly) because he genuinely believed from the point when he joined the movement and set his sights against the seemingly irrepressible rise of Fascism that Communism was a cause worth holding dear above all else. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. It was a miracle. After graduating from Washington University, she worked for the advertising agency J. Walter Thompson in San Francisco. The KGB's only object in the world is to destroy me and the agency. That was my dad leaving to go to Kims funeral [in 1988] and we were hounded by paparazzi. But more generally womens roles in espionage have been sidelined, and I wonder if thats because a lot of this history has been recorded by men. No doubt your grandfather would have disapproved of the sharp contrasts in present-day Russia, he said. When Bennett was pulled up on the matter, he wrote my father a note explaining that he stood by what hed said as the information had come from a reliable source a BBC journalist. Just beyond the crossroads which dominates Pushkin Square the spot where its said dissidents would meet, acknowledging each other by removing their hats is the former site of the Hotel Minsk (like much of the city, now under a lengthy reconstruction process), where Kim first met the journalist Murray Sayle in 1967. Princess Anne is the 'perfect' example of a spare thanks to her 'sense of duty', Charles's first royal RSVP! 1944Appointed head of Section IX, newly formed to operate against Communism and the Soviet Union. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. It had been a long time coming. But no matter; allowing myself plenty of time to get lost, Im soon heading towards the apartment where my grandfather lived out the final 25 years of his life under the watchful eye of Moscow and where his widow Rufa is currently preparing an enormous spread for our afternoon tea. In fact, he had arrived in Moscow days earlier, and can be seen on film standing just back from his fathers coffin. Understandably, as a consequence, he is loathed by many. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. There, he volunteered for the refugee committee, fundraising, secretly writing and disseminating propaganda, raising funds and distributing clothes and money to those whod escaped Fascist Germany. Today, standing at last at his final resting place, surrounded by ex-prime ministers and national heroes in an isolated cemetery on the outskirts of Moscow, with two perfect strangers looming behind me, Im once again reminded of quite how different he was. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Delivery charges may apply, Kim Philby: I got away with treachery because I was upper class, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Charlotte Philby at her home in Bristol: Im trying to reconnect with what made me fall in love with books and the process of writing., harlotte Philby, 39, is a former investigative reporter and the author of three critically acclaimed spy novels. It was bad enough with Kim and the Cambridge spies showing up the British establishment, but the idea that this foreign Jewish woman might run rings around men in positions of authority, perhaps that was embarrassing for them. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Just five years ago, my mum and I were refused service in a shop in Arizona on account of the name on our credit cards. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. And if a soldier is fighting for a cause he believes in, which he believes is worth sacrificing single human lives for, but then in the end his side loses the war, does that mean that he was wrong to have stood up and fought in the first place? [1] Philby began his work for the Soviet Union as a spy in 1934. Rather than angrily confront Philby, the American stated he would ask with considerable satisfaction, "How do . To order A Spy Among Friends or Kim Philby, each at 14.99 with free UK p&p, call Guardian book service on 0330 333 6846 or go to guardianbookshop.co.uk. He worked as a journalist until 1940, when Guy . But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. This is absolutely the best place for us. Philby lives in Bristol with her husband and three children. Kim was appointed head of a newly formed anti-Soviet section, and as the top Secret Intelligence Service representative, worked for several years in liaison with the CIA and FBI all along handing information straight back into the hands of the Russians. So, perhaps, by the time he died, a year before the fall of the Berlin Wall and knowing what he must have known by then he did feel disappointed. Looking around Kims study now, past the proud photo of him with the local ice-hockey team, below one of his father and another of various key Soviet politicians shaking hands, my eye is drawn to a large black-and-white print of Che Guevara, which looks out from above one of the bookshelves in the far right-hand corner, like an all-seeing eye. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. The comments below have not been moderated. Everything has seen better days. He went on to serve the KGB for 54 years. My second novel is The Times' Book of the Month for July 2020, Chapman Pincher: The Spy-Catcher of Fleet Street, Edith Tudor-Hart: The grandmother of the Cambridge Spies, John le Carr: The writer who made me want to write, ELLE: An unexpected friendship with the other woman. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. Over the years he did everything that was asked of him: he gave everything he had to the cause, and yet still Moscow was deeply suspicious of a man who has been described as their finest and most loyal servant. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. 1933Leaves Cambridge a convinced Communist. Philby was recruited, it reveals, because it was mistakenly believed that his father, St John, was a British intelligence officer. I love those images of him as a real person; for me, thats where the clues as to who he really was can be found. Were you always aware that your family had this extraordinary history? The spy novelist, whose latest book tells the story of her grandfather Kim Philby and the Soviet agent Edith Tudor-Hart, talks about the perils of writing about family, and why female spies get overlooked. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. Kim Philby with partner Melinda Maclean (who later returned to her husband and fellow spy, Donald Maclean) walk in the woods outside Moscow in the 1960's, photographed by his son John, Donald Maclean pictured in 1937 whilst on a skiing holiday - he fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, Melinda Maclean and her sons in their last European home in Geneva 1953 -she was slight with curly, dark hair, 'an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular'. And at every turn, the story is slightly different, the answer ever less clear: the more his character has come under scrutiny, the more elusive he has become. According to a recent piece in the Daily Telegraph: For years Philby had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. Most famously, he was almost certainly responsible for the tip-off which led to the deaths of the first British-sponsored Albanians who parachuted in to remove Enver Hoxhas Communist regime. She is also the granddaughter of, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. As well as being my grandfather whom I remember from childhood trips to Russia as a funny old man with a beaming smile, who dressed almost exclusively in white vests and braces Kim Philby, to this day, remains one of the most significant double agents in modern history. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". In the programme for his play Single Spies, the writer Alan Bennett printed a claim that my dad had turned up late to his own fathers funeral, straight from the airport, and stood swaying behind a gravestone clutching bags of booze. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudis unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of Arabia, and eventually marrying a slave-girl given to him by his friend King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, to whom he spent many years as personal advisor. Today, as Kims widow greets me at the door, offering me a pair of woollen slippers, the atmosphere is quiet and calm. Despite the number of times we visited Kim in Moscow, no one in the family was ever allowed to have his address. . Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. I am a private person and a political person. Takes charge of British intelligence in Spain and Portugal. He travelled extensively, while also making his way up the ranks of the British intelligence services by 1944, Kim was appointed head of a newly formed anti-Soviet section, and was later sent to Washington where, as the top Secret Intelligence Service representative, he worked for several years in liaison with the CIA and FBI. Shes a sympathetic character in the novel. References. because he "didn't want his children, who were used to life of freedom, to suffer life of oppression". Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. She flew to New York to see her daughter Annie, and it was there that several letters arrived from Philby. This is not the first time Charlotte Philby has written in defense of her grandfathers actions. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. Melinda Maclean. Getty Images In the USSR, Philby essentially became an honorary pensioner: he passed on to Soviet intelligence everything he. When I asked my dad, shortly before he died late last year, how hed felt about his own fathers betrayal, he told me exactly what Kim had told Sayle during that interview in 1963: To betray, you must first belong. And as Kim said himself: I never belonged. My dad always had great respect for my grandfather; he told me that even when he was a child, he always knew he was up to something he just didnt know what. Rebuilding it meant forging a unique friendship with the very woman he left her for. But at the famous Secret Trial in 1952, he convinced his MI5 interrogator Buster Milmo that he was not a Soviet agent. Spy Among Friends : Philby and the Great Betrayal, Paperback by MacIntyre, Ben, ISBN 1408851784, ISBN-13 9781408851784, Brand New, Free shipping in the US<br><br> The view from one of the windows is notably different, too. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. And whenever we went to stay, wed be picked up from the airport and driven to his flat via a purposefully circuitous route in a KGB car so that no one could quite remember how we got there. As I step in from the balcony, my eyes settle on a single point. Offer valid until May 1, 2018. How easy did you find it to capture Kims voice?I spent so long with his letters and they gave me such an insight into the expressions he used, the way he spoke, how he flipped between being tender and reflective and witty and scathing, and his very English obsession with the weather. Prince Albert of Monaco is the first Euro monarch to confirm he and his wife Keep calm and carry on! The kitchen where he would ritualistically make his daily breakfast of bacon, eggs and toast (another English habit he never broke), and spent hours cooking every evening, is now rich with the smell of the savoury pancakes Rufa is preparing for our five-hour feast. 1941Transferred to SIS Iberian sub-section. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. Kim was won over by the Communist cause while a student at Cambridge University, and upon graduation in 1933, travelled to Vienna to serve the international Communist organisation Comintern which was illegal in Austria with 100 in his pocket given to him by his father, St John, who was also a Cambridge graduate. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. One of the first tasks he was given was to spy on his own father, which he did, without question digging up very little, because, though the Russians failed to believe it, there was nothing to dig up. Exposure showed me along with William Boyds Restless how you can write a novel that is ostensibly a spy story but is really about the people, and the families, at the heart of a great betrayal. He barely embraced his wife. She was incredibly brave, incredibly loyal; she was completely faithful to the things she loved and believed in, and she had a firm belief that she had to do the right thing. He did all he could do for a cause he believed in: what was there to regret? While I was researching this article, Bennett also the author of An Englishman Abroad, in which he imagines Guy Burgesss final years in Moscow: lonely, pathetic and wholly unfulfilled responded to a shorter opinion piece I wrote for this paper last July in which I defended my grandfathers decision not to apologise publicly for his actions. Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. And it is to these that my mind turns as I make my way from my hotel, across Red Square, the following day towards Kims flat, following the route marked out in pencil on a rather vague map drawn up from the combined memories of various family members, none of whom has been here in more than 20 years. He betrayed his country yes, perhaps he did, Greene continues, but who among us has not committed treason to something or someone more important than a country? After all, they won the war.'". He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. Perhaps its too early to judge; after all, Communism, according to its followers, is the final epoch, inevitable only once all other systems have eaten themselves which, of course, they will. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet KGB and NKVD from the early 1930s until 1963, when he defected to Moscow. Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan states in Parliament that there is no evidence of Philby having betrayed the interests of Britain. The whole plan is being masterminded by Kim Philby in Moscow. 1929Enters Trinity College, Cambridge. Edith and Kim by Charlotte Philby is published by HarperCollins (14.99). The committee is serving as the unwitting instrument of the KGB." Kim Philby was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to Soviet Union in 1963. 58. She and her late father, the spy's eldest son, John, both had to live with continuing speculation about the motivation for Philby's treachery. The little blue pill really is magic! As Kim told my mother when she asked him if he felt any remorse, he believed he was a soldier, fighting a bloody war in the bloodiest century in history. Philby is summoned for interrogation and asked to resign from Foreign Service. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Kim Philby was unmasked as a Soviet double agent in July 1963 when . Charlotte Philby, 39, is a former investigative reporter and the author of three critically acclaimed spy novels. What counted though against Blunt, and Burgess too, was that they werent journo-friendly. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. 1965Awarded the Order of the Red Banner, one of the Soviet Unions highest military honours. He liked the fact that you could only buy seasonal goods in Moscow, but asked family members to bring out the non-perishables he loved and couldnt get there marmalade, Marmite and Worcestershire sauce. Harold Adrian Russell " Kim " Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) [1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John David Philby, Josephine F. Philby, Josephine Philby, Miranda Philby, Tommy Philby Born Country: India Spies British Men Died on: May 11, 1988 place of death: Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union Cause of Death: Heart Failure More Facts Recommended Lists: British Celebrities Russian Celebrities that Philby, with his Communist views in Vienna and his Austrian Communist wife, had been recruited for SIS and had sailed through its vetting procedures?. Mid-morning, wrapped against the cold in Kims old bear hat and a matching coat (its too cold here for animal rights), I set off from my hotel with a map and enough money for the metro and taxi Ill need to take me from the station to the cemetery off the Mozhaisk highway. By JOSEPH FITSANAKIS | intelNews.org | Where do you write?I wrote Edith and Kim all over the place because weve been in the process of moving house for the past couple of years, but now I have a shed at the bottom of our garden where I can feel Im in the middle of nowhere, and Im never leaving! Maclean and Burgess escape to Russia. 1962George Blake is caught. The Second Woman: Best new fiction, Mail on Sunday. Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files UK government launched campaign to block memoirs being published fearing damaging disclosures Kim Philby had been secretly. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. There are things I know for certain about my grandfather. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. The first reports that Russia ranks 143rd in a list of the worlds freest economies, just one spot higher than countries with repressed economies like Vietnam, Ecuador, Belarus and Ukraine, while the next tells how oligarch Roman Abramovich, whose wealth is valued at 7 billion, has just snapped up 35 notable artworks to decorate his 560ft private yacht. 1946Moves to Turkey, working as head of SIS there. "His story does not really go away, because there is. Journalists look after their own and Philby masqueraded as a devil-may-care drunken newspaperman and so was treated more indulgently by those in his profession.. Finally the car grinds to a halt, and the driver, catching my eye in his rear-view mirror, gives a nod. In 1951, Kim tipped off his fellow Cambridge spy Donald Maclean that Britain had caught wind of Macleans spying activities and a warrant had been issued for his arrest. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. The Soviet authorities buried him with honors when he died in 1988. And sadness. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. To the very end, as I find out when I set foot into his flat, Kim surrounded himself with things pertaining to British culture and life on the other side of the Iron Curtain: from PG Wodehouse novels to the Indian spices he used for his legendary curries. 4.1 out of 5 stars. I am learning more about my family everyday.. During our stay, more mourners piled in, their cries and moans ricocheting off the walls. Seconds later, were hurtling at break-neck speed out of the cemetery, along the motorway, the driver making various calls en route, each consisting of just a few short sentences, before turning into a different burial ground up the road, manned with armed guards. 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