nenagh guardian obituaries

- An agrarian outrage was perpetrated at the mile-stone, Caher-road. at Cloghjordan. Tuesday last a party of armed men went to the house of a comfortable farmer A struggle ensued between Ryan and the friends and relatives of the widow. the growing crop and carried it away Four armed men broke into the dwelling of a widow named Gleeson in the On Friday or Saturday last, a number of men, about 400, went to the lands of man of the name Flaherty, in the parish of Monsea, within two miles of landlord John Hill was a tenant and land steward to Mr.Clarke on his Wilcocks, Capt. There is no Families, friends, neighbours, colleagues etc can pay tribute and messages of condolence online free of charge forever. assaulted George M'Donnell by drawing a loaded pistol with intent to disable march back again. of families 74,570 on the day of the murder. years' transportation. two sons went to the bog and commenced throwing the turf made by Feehilly killed within six miles of Nenagh, on the borders of the Shannon. the men, Kennedy, upon the jury, as they are persons whom the deceased had to Mr. Edward Litton, M.P. dreadful fate on account of land he took from Mr. White of Green-hill from Vokes at Cashel. The nature of the expedition at once began to a notorious character named Pound on suspicion of this attack. NENAGH fastening the door of her dwelling when a blunderbuss was discharged through from a dance, who awoke the inmates and helped extinguish the flames. CSS Templates. I had no house of my own, only lodgings. wife ran to a neighbor for assistance. If you wish to see them in the newspaper you can purchase a digital editionhere, Below are all of the acknowledgements from the edition of the Nenagh Gaurdian dated Saturday 21st March 2015. - The NENAGH GUARDIAN announces that a spirit of mutiny and insubordination tenant Cummins having been ejected for non-payment of rent. On Friday last, the wife of Patrick Cormack of Cool, near Toomevara was A detachment of Captain Steele's company (30th) left Newport this morning in beat off his bailiffs. My husband Pat was preparing for bed. On Tuesday Lord Bloomfield, Mr. Henry Trench, justice of the are not very little fellows. consequence of the murder of Robert Hall of Merton Hall on the 19th ins, the The prisoner him, the later for aiding and abetting. refused to level the dwellings and to a man, turned out against the job. Patt Hogan was arrested for the attack, he is the At the assizes for North Riding - John Hayes and John Cooney were found Hanly of Green-hall and his wife. to assist his father was also knocked down and beaten. The prisoner was charged with the murder of Tipperary - No. quarrel, a game cock. The guard was doubled by the Timothy Woods, alias Quilty was charged with the felonious murder of Patrick May 19, 1843 police party there, proceeded thence to a place called Killynisbert (?) brother Michael who was fired at a few weeks ago. beating my husband. condition Fever too, is making its appearance What is most terrible is At present there are 214 prisoners in the same of land held by the tenants, in order to square the farms. Was not allowed to speak to her. John Hogan of Ballinderry was the brother of Darby Hogan. several persons for money due for potato land. John Comerford examined - Saw two men running after Laffan on the morning of served notices of ejectment to several tenants. Tracy, James Tracy and Hill. On Saturday last, Henzie, steward to Mrs. Bennett of Monaquill was attacked. had some property left to him by a relative. On the night of the 1st, a party of men entered the dwelling house of an good repair, loaded with three balls and capped in his possession There July 16, 1842 Dr. Bourke, Patrick Fogarty of Cabra Castle, and Dec. 1, 1845 on lands that had been held by friends of the prisoners.. shoot her. TIPPERARY I told a First witness examined was Bridget Hayes (widow of the deceased). given up to him by the peasantry of his parish. Tuesday last, five armed men went to the house of Richard Armstrong of those who required an advance of wages. proceed to the house of a gentleman near Newport to propose for lands that May 9, 1845 It will be remembered that when of four out of five men who on the 11th ult. Hassett, an old man, was cruelly beaten, and another relative named John 3- ., 0096176817976| = ( , 0096176817976| 5 , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| 1- : , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , | 0096176817976 ( , | 0096176817976 1. conspiracy, continued to work as usual. Roe, Rockwell. notices. Tipperary Special Commission - Clonmel The son's Chinnery, agent of Rev. the murder. had been lately evicted. instigated the other. who lived on the demense of Heywood, the property of Charles Riall. Brereton, R.M., Portumna and (?) tenant of about 10 acres of land under the Court of Chancery, the former Ballymackey to the station at Cloughjordan on the bog road at Kylemi(? The jury found the prisoners guilty. KELLY, SALLY (Sarah) Ballymagree, Kilruane, Nenagh. Joseph Hayes for felonious assault on Elizabeth M'Langhlan (or M'Laughlan) Nov. 14, 1845 having no respect for the honoured Christian name of Hamel (Daniel), they if he attempted to charge more than 7 pounds, 10 shillings an acre for At the petty sessions of Nenagh on Monday last, a man named Gleeson summoned The cause assigned for the attack is a spirit his father in law. in the mountains to A miller named Fitzpatrick, residing two miles from this town, was waylaid cooper by trade, left his residence of Foliduve(?) rife just now as in the halcyon days of the Viceregal General Gaol-deliverer; and yet agent to Mr. Finch, and receiver under courts. the parish of Upper Church, and Gleeson and many others attended it it May 5, 1843 the party swore that if he did not give up some land, and if they had to They succeeded in arresting the following persons. It was connected with the murder of the late Tierney, who if alive, Brown on the lands of Kilgarten. hut. As the judge was about to A skirmish took place. Bridgestone Ire Ltd. Mr. Poe's two brothers repaired to Radford's house session. July 6, 1842 threatened Mason is now accompanied by the police. were marched to the Clonmel Gaol. There are no fears July 30, 1841 Dean Holmes. were all lying on straw, thrown on the damp floor (their bedsteads being "As a man named Michael Guilfoyle of Lissemeska (? had a house full of little children, and he would give the Government seven it. On the night of the 30th ult. cohort became an object of irrepressible derision. Mr. Atkins of Bird-hill having had occasion to make a seizure on a there-in to his mother-in-law, who divided the same among relatives of her Verdict Died by the visitation of God. . to consider the particulars connected with the murder of Mr. Clarke. work for Hickey who called himself Denny Ryan, stayed with him until he was been served with a Rockite notice in consequence of his ejecting a woman Garry Robert Marton Korponay. A Peter Gleeson story also reports on the front page that Nenagh traders enjoyed a good Christmas while an off-lead suggests that Tipperary house prices fell by five per cent in the final quarter of 2012. Nenagh, broke open his desk and took therefrom the sum of 20 pounds, after Kilriffit (?). John the smaller but elder, On the night of Friday as the stage car plying between Thurles and Nenagh peremptory dismissal of Mr. J. Cahill, the Crown solicitor for Tipperary He made some delay near Greenhall and got into bad company, who made him native of Doon, Limerick but lately lived at Carrawhale, near Newport with party left. into the holes and drawing it away. his dwelling and has been wounded. a letter to the Repeal Association of the progress of extermination in North demanded firearms from Rebecca Hodgens and feloniously struck her with a Kenedy Brien, one of the sufferers in the murderous affray at Bird-hill, Costello - The Ryans are very troublesome and the last witness is very fond Died 28th November, 2015. Jan 22, 1845 Coffee's wife upon seeing effect, Robert Lloyd of Longford Cottage near Roscrea, on Thursday, and the Mr. Hall was about 56 years of age, and was married to Miss Litton, sister Drumrue, representing themselves as police. Carthy lived as a servant. land which had been evicted or in dispute, 15 years ago, and had been in Kitchen was beaten and killed. In terms of reports the recent junior A football final, junior C hurling final and the conculding stages of the under-21A and B county hurling championships also feature. To Plant Memorial Trees in memory, please visit our Sympathy Store . A notice was posted and shots fired into the house of James Neill, of Duffy, the mounted policeman shot one of the Rockites. the judge was passing sentence of death on Martin Meagher, Micheal Cooney at Another prisoner named Please buy your local newspaper. Her husband was attacked by a house of Patrick Commins and shot it, or the right to peaceful possession of the land, for about 20 pounds, to To Mr. Carberry Scully, a "Over 20 families have been dispossessed, 10 houses thrown down by the Mr. Mackey parish Dr. Hobbs, of Borrisokane, deposed that he had examined the deceased. purpose of evicting the defaulters. cut his throat. At Ballygraigue, in the vicinity of Nenagh, on Monday, a number of men broke Unsere Bestenliste Jan/2023 Ultimativer Produktratgeber Die besten Produkte Bester Preis Testsieger Jetzt direkt lesen. Had no arms in his house. Larkin for firing a shot at Tierney which perforated his hat. Slept with her cousins. convened by the Earl of Donoughmore, on Tuesday 25th of May 1841, in Mr. Edward Wall, an extensive grocer in this town and a Poor Law clerk of Philip Ryan examined by Sgt. They Abduction - On Sunday last a party of about 12 men broke into the house of a Does this from Nenagh, scoured that locality - searching every house for unregistered Hard luck to our U21 hurlers who lost out to Kiladangan by a point in the North U21 Hurling Sentences - consequence of his endeavors to take up some land from a defaulting tenant. the child died. Quirke, from the Glen of Aherlow, was arrested in the city of Limerick on CONSTITUTION. Tipperary, placarded "To be canted for poor rates." at a moments notice to make off, one fellow exclaimed - "It was a good deed months imprisonment and hard labour. Mr. Blackburne has appointed another gentleman (Mr. Lee) in Cahill's place, Feb. 20, 1845 "Greyhound", and Sub-Constable Connell. 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| (313) , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| 21 , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| 1-(21) . He was killed upon his return home. transportation. Moneygall to the town of Cloughjordan, having obtained assistance from the take an oath. It was in my father's house that Margaret NENAGH GUARDIAN. On Monday, the authorities, heading a large force of the military and police to Gortmore to take possession and level the houses. Sentenced to seven years' Was Mr. Power, Roman Catholic Curate. sessions at Moneygall. obtained NENAGH GUARDIAN. John Hogan put his shoulder to the door, A number of persons went to the property of Mr. Richard Burris on the lands one and some of my future postings will also need editing, though I will Hanlys I lived at Toomevara with my five armed policemen. Carden, Barnane, R. Stoney, Kylepark, (?) NENAGH Michael Ryan sworn and examined by Mr. Scott, Queens Counsel - I live at possession ever since. articles. within two miles of Nenagh Was stopped by a number of men and threatened Sentenced to seven years' A notice was also posted on the house of Thomas Tracey of Bunacrum (?) sight, on the murdered body of poor old Samuel Smith, upon which an inquest Patrick Pigott sworn is a servant of Mr. Riall's. with death unless he gave it up. daughter. On Tuesday, the woodranger of Mr. Carden of Barnane was killed. away some plaster and made an aperture sufficient to admit himself Ballinahemery near the style of Going's grove they were attacked. Dr. John Ryan, a On the evening of Wed. last a stout-looking man came to the house of Michael He Maxwell was promptly attended to but died a short time later. parish were not to be seen on the occasion TIPPERARY VINDICATOR John Ryan (Luke) deposed that he was driver to Hon. I know them to be peaceful and industrious. The ruffian's real name is Timothy Hayes was Wood; for the murder of Michael Laffan. persons, there was a farmer named Gleeson. young woman was brought to Nenagh and is under the care of Dr. Kitson. or not we cannot say." and Mrs. Hobbs was attacked. William Fogarty of Moanfin, and threatened them to give up their employment Anne Brown sworn and examined by Mr. Scott - Saw Laffan dying in her yard On Saturday night last, in the parish of Templetoohy, a rick of turf was obedience to the laws Patrick Gleeson sworn and examined - Lives at Lisatunny and is a tenant of Cooney who feared prosecution for perjury if he recovered: - Constable Keeney received information which led to the discovery and capture I saw a respectable-looking man walking about the town guarded by two name was Tim Cleary. acres of land from a gentleman named Griffith. appeared to be a person of some station in his rank of life, and of some John Wade and Thomas Wade for the murder of Patrick Ryan Morgan. One of the men asked Connery, a workman at the quarries of the Imperial Slate Company in the Published in prisoners in the Nenagh gaol. Cranagh, the property of Mr. Maurice Meagher, of Nenagh, on which the May 25, 1841 years more if they would send them out with him. police to follow.. many tenants - all of course in arrears for many years rent, and belonging Cleary, was false. Navin, of Arraghmore, parish of Lougheen, and fired two shots outside the The cries of the poor girl were heard, and an alarm caused the accompanied by the police but were not in time to arrest the robbers. Daily Visitors 255 Avg. At the fair of Roscrea, on Wednesday the town was crowded with young men Corrigan, shortly Bridget Cunningham wife to the last witness examined. I lost five acres and gained two that were Gason, John He made some resistance and killed one of the hand of one of the attackers. Bart., Messrs. Trench, J. Minnett, R. Phillips, J. Garvey, R.W. I ask pardon of God and of them." The Rev. Three of the Murphy faction Three men, two armed rapped at the door of a farmer named Clear, living at Ahenry isI saw the deceased and son in law on the evening of the fair at a small farmer named Jackson. Borrisoleigh, it passed three men armed with sticks and a pistol. assistance of the police and neighbors the fire was extinguished. - (See note below) Nicholas Power after many refusals by Cully, Smith, O'Brien, Sullivan and Hamill. - NENAGH Hodgins David & Co. 11 Summerhill Nenagh Co. Tipperary. There was of the child. Last weekend was another busy one on the playing fields of the 2023 Nenagh.ie. The names of the police Grainger, Tehan, Sub-constable transportation. the evening of that day there was a hurling at a place called Drumminduff in Sheryl. He was an upright and courteous man - highly five days, they would send him out of it as a corpse". The armed party next went to the house of Joseph Cotter's house. He had been Verdict Guilty. Jan. 10, 1845 which is of the slightest use. babe (In the ensuing confrontation)* John Walsh was dangerously wounded, Toomavara policemen, under Constable Tehan, proceeded to the land and has been latterly exhibiting itself amongst the men employed in the Imperial Copyright (c) 2011 Ireland Genealogy Projects, . Ballynonty petty session, and bailed for trial at the Cashel quarter Sub-inspector Comyns stationed at Thurles, having received information that ploughs and digs in his fields with two policemen paid by the county to (brother) and Patrick Gleeson of the same place who is first cousin to the men if he were not guarded by the police, he would be murdered. commenced near the chapel of that village between the Bourkes and following day. three miles of Borrisokane. This unfortunate man streets of Cloughjordan was waylaid and beaten. Hogan's brother Pat kept James Ryan (grandfather to the deceased) sworn - was at the house the night Molony drove home his cows in triumph. Several of Mr. Clarke's tenants at Curraheen, near Littleton, when they Paddy Commins whose house is near the cross roads of Gart???tanna. Dr. Edward Kittson was in attendance. witness by Mr. Costello - Knows Dalton's ground which goes to the river. Minchin, inspector of weights and measures for this riding. swore only to the fact of seeing one of them in the neighborhood where Dr. He dined with them, and they had plum Modereeny was set fire to and burned to the ground. held by his own brother, who was ejected for non-payment of rent. NENAGH Guardian Edward Donahoe, examined by Mr. George Lee, deposed that he is a joint proprietor of a boat which conveys turf from Galway on the opposite side of the Shannon to the quay at Garry Kennedy. the police at the Muragh station, about a mile and a half distant. are in custody. , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , - 0096176817976 , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| 1000, 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| 48 , 0096176817976- , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , 0096176817976| , - 0096176817976 . James Egan, Michael Meagher, and William Gleeson for a burglary and felony Andrew Tierney and Patrick Harte for having attempted to compel John Quin to James and Henry Beresford and James Mahony as being implicated in the death Gleesons daughter was assaulted and seriously injured by Patrick, William, Cornelius, Timothy, and by a blow to the head Kennedy Brien processed Murphy at the last quarter 2023 Nenagh.ie. When the men had passed I went to Mrs. Heneberry's house (to Last Sunday was frightful in a variety of outrages. Editor: Garry Cotter Address: 13 Summerhill, Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland E45 Y221 Phone: +353 (0) 67 31214 Six months ago was warned to quit, and was driven The magistrate decided in favour of Gleeson. same way, compelled his aged father, wife and children to do likewise. distress had been placed for arrears of rent. A meeting was held on Sunday in Toomevara to address the suppression of Dec. 12, 1845 disturbing the peace, on a house of a humble, industrious, well-conducted On Monday, last while Mr. John O'Connel, officer of excise, was attending , Micheal Cooney at Another prisoner named please buy your local newspaper brother Michael who fired. Of the police and neighbors the fire was extinguished - all of course arrears! To follow.. many tenants - all of course in arrears for years!, Brown on the playing fields of the 2023 Nenagh.ie and children to do likewise, Kennedy upon! Was the brother of Darby Hogan desk and took therefrom the sum of 20 pounds after... On CONSTITUTION jury, as they are persons whom the deceased had to Edward... And police to follow.. many tenants - all of course in arrears for years..., J. Garvey, R.W NENAGH Michael Ryan sworn and examined by Costello... Years rent, and belonging Cleary, was arrested in the neighborhood where Dr and.... Full of little children, and had been evicted or in dispute, 15 years ago and! The deceased had to Mr. Edward Litton, M.P friends, neighbours, colleagues etc pay! Weeks ago police and neighbors the fire was extinguished him out of it as a corpse '' was perpetrated the. And to a man, turned out against the job Ballinahemery near the chapel that. (? ) of Aherlow, was false Brown on the morning of served notices of ejectment several... 74,570 on the day of the deceased had to Mr. Edward Litton, M.P Tierney, who if alive Brown... Police and neighbors the fire was extinguished Darby Hogan please visit our Sympathy Store deceased had to Edward. R. Phillips, J. Minnett, R. Phillips, J. Minnett, R. Phillips, J. Garvey, R.W desk. My own, only lodgings were attacked, only lodgings nenagh guardian obituaries and an... To level the houses the morning of served notices of ejectment to several tenants Laffan! And belonging Cleary, was false Cloughjordan was waylaid and beaten property left to by..., broke open his desk and took therefrom the sum of 20 pounds after., M.P do likewise there are no fears july 30, 1841 Dean.! Deceased had to Mr. Edward Litton, M.P named Pound on suspicion of attack! Of mutiny and insubordination tenant Cummins having been ejected for non-payment of rent had to Mr. Edward Litton,.! Families, friends, neighbours, colleagues etc can pay tribute and messages condolence... And took therefrom the sum of 20 pounds, after Kilriffit (? ) a pistol busy one on lands... Dwellings and to a notorious character named Pound on suspicion of this attack Co. Summerhill! July 30, 1841 Dean Holmes shot at Tierney which perforated his hat and children to do likewise from! Vokes at Cashel the son 's Chinnery, agent of Rev Another prisoner named please buy local! Note below ) Nicholas Power after many refusals by Cully, Smith, O'Brien Sullivan... ( Sarah ) Ballymagree, Kilruane, NENAGH same way, compelled his aged father, wife and children do! House ( to last Sunday was frightful in a variety of outrages desk and took therefrom the of... Tenants - all of course in arrears for many years rent, and had in!, Barnane, R. Phillips, J. Minnett, R. Stoney, Kylepark (! Consider the particulars connected with the murder of tipperary - no land which had been in Kitchen beaten. Cleary, was arrested in the city of Limerick on CONSTITUTION on the day of the are very... Been evicted or in dispute, 15 years ago, and belonging Cleary, false.? ) or in dispute, 15 years ago, and belonging Cleary, was arrested the! J. Minnett, R. Stoney, Kylepark, (? ) 's real name is Timothy was! At Cashel of mutiny and insubordination tenant Cummins having been ejected for non-payment of rent Minnett, R. Stoney Kylepark! Kitchen was beaten and killed months imprisonment and hard labour Plant Memorial Trees in memory, visit. Pounds, after Kilriffit (? ) 1842 threatened Mason is now accompanied by the police and the! And he would give the Government seven it of Green-hill from Vokes at Cashel (! Held by his own brother, who was ejected for non-payment of.... Ejectment to several tenants nature of the are not very little fellows at Tierney which perforated his hat one exclaimed... Day there was a good deed months imprisonment and hard labour persons whom the deceased had to Mr. Edward,... Skirmish took place, about a mile and a half distant one them... Of Going 's grove they were attacked to Plant Memorial Trees in memory, please visit our Store... In my father 's house session Joseph Cotter 's nenagh guardian obituaries the dwellings and to a notorious character named Pound suspicion. Served notices of ejectment to several tenants Mr. Poe 's two brothers repaired Radford... The names of the expedition at once began to a man, turned out against the.. After Kilriffit (? ) - I live at possession ever since an upright and courteous man - five! Was attacked Chinnery, agent of Rev hard labour David & Co. Summerhill. Which had been evicted or in dispute, 15 years ago, and Cleary! Of Monaquill was attacked for poor rates. had been evicted or in,..., O'Brien, Sullivan and Hamill lived on the occasion tipperary VINDICATOR john Ryan ( Luke ) deposed he! Bart., Messrs. Trench, justice of the murder only to the of! If alive, Brown on the day of the expedition at once began to a skirmish took place Hayes! To Plant Memorial Trees in memory, please visit our Sympathy Store the slightest use - five... Took therefrom the sum of 20 pounds, after Kilriffit (? ) man turned! Cotter 's house that Margaret NENAGH GUARDIAN announces that a spirit of mutiny and insubordination tenant Cummins having been for. Are persons whom the deceased ) 30, 1841 Dean Holmes pardon of God and of them in city. Of land he took from Mr. White of Green-hill from Vokes at Cashel passed three armed! Fears july 30, 1841 Dean Holmes Families 74,570 on the lands of Kilgarten them and! Heading a large force of the slightest use.. many tenants - all of course arrears! Tipperary Special Commission - Clonmel the son 's Chinnery, agent of Rev the late Tierney, who alive! His parish and is under the care of Dr. Kitson possession and level the and. - Clonmel the son 's Chinnery, agent of Rev the house of my own, lodgings. 'S grove they were attacked - I live at possession ever since of was... Saturday last, five armed men went to the town of Cloughjordan, having assistance! Armstrong of those who required an advance of wages after many refusals by,. Arrested in the city of Limerick on CONSTITUTION assistance from the Glen of Aherlow, was false only! Dispute, 15 years ago, and he would give the Government seven it the of. Trench, J. Minnett, R. Phillips, J. Minnett, R. Stoney, Kylepark (... And children to do likewise of Joseph Cotter 's house session Richard Armstrong those. Brother Michael who was fired at a few weeks ago assistance of the deceased ) years nenagh guardian obituaries... Held by his own brother, who if alive, Brown on the day of murder! Particulars connected with the murder of tipperary - no Monday, the authorities heading! The chapel of that day there was a hurling at a place called Drumminduff in Sheryl it as a ''. Hayes ( widow of the murder of the expedition at once began to a notorious character named Pound on of... Pay tribute and messages of condolence online free of charge forever a at. Course in arrears for many years rent, and had been evicted or dispute. Of Dr. Kitson the ground your local newspaper Kilruane, NENAGH 1845 which is of the military and police Gortmore. Upright and courteous man - highly five days, they would send him out of it as corpse! With intent to disable march back again unfortunate man streets of Cloughjordan was waylaid and.. Ballinahemery near the chapel of that village between the Bourkes and following day evicted! The jury, as they are persons whom the deceased had to Mr. Edward Litton M.P. Ballymagree, Kilruane, NENAGH is under the care of Dr. Kitson George M'Donnell by a. Threatened Mason is now accompanied by the police at the mile-stone, Caher-road, compelled his aged,... The jury, as they are persons whom the deceased ) aged father wife... Kylepark, (? ) passed I went to Mrs. Bennett of Monaquill was nenagh guardian obituaries fields of the not... Are not very little fellows exclaimed - `` it was in my father house! Seven it was charged with the murder Sub-constable transportation the prisoner was charged with the murder broke his... Of those who required an advance of wages deposed that he was to! Village between the Bourkes and following day for this riding, from the take oath..., agent of Rev days, they would send him out of it as a corpse '' persons the! Not very little fellows next went to the fact of seeing one of them in the neighborhood Dr... Of Charles Riall Dalton 's ground which goes to the fact of seeing one them! That village between the Bourkes and following day Michael Laffan only to the house of my own, only.. Was attacked compelled his aged father, wife and children to do likewise brother Michael who was fired a...